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A microarchitecture is a hardware implementation of an ISA (instruction set architecture). An ISA is a structure of commands and operations used by software to communicate with hardware. A microarchitecture is the hardware circuitry that implements one particular ISA. For example, x86-64 is the ISA used by most modern laptop and desktop computers. It is implemented by various microarchitectures, including those designed by Intel and AMD. Software that is compiled for the x86-64 ISA can run on any microarchitecture designed to use the x86-64 instruction set....

Short for network operating system, NOS is the software that allows multiple computers to communicate, share files and hardware devices with one another. Earlier versions of Microsoft Windows and Apple operating systems were not designed for single computer usage and not network usage. As computer networks started to emerge and be used more frequently, network operating systems began to be developed. The first network operating system was Novell NetWare, released in 1983....

P4 may refer to any of the following: The P4 connector is a 12V power supply cable used with motherboards that have an Intel Pentium 4 or later processor. Today, the connector is a standard power connector and is used with both Intel and AMD motherboards. As seen in the picture, the P4 cable has two black wires that serve as a ground, and two yellow ones that are +12VDC. All of these wires attach to a four pin connection on the motherboard....

Short for peripheral component interconnect, PCI was introduced by Intel in 1992. The PCI bus came in both 32-bit (speed of 133 MBps) and 64-bit versions and was used to attach hardware to a computer. Although commonly used in computers from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, PCI has since been replaced with PCI Express. Revisions came in 1993 to version 2.0, and in 1995 to PCI 2.1, as an expansion to the ISA bus....

The End key is a key found on a computer keyboard that moves the cursor to the end of the line, document, page, cell, or screen. Where is the End key on the keyboard? Below is an overview of a computer keyboard with the End key highlighted in blue on the main keyboard and the numeric keypad. Where is the End key on the keyboard? Examples of using the End key Practice going to the end of text What does the End key do when pressed in Microsoft Word?...

The middle row or home row keys are the row of keys on the computer keyboard your fingers rest on when not typing. For example, on the standard QWERTY United States keyboard, the home row keys for your left hand are A, S, D, and F and your right hand are J, K, l, and ; (semicolon). For both hands, the thumbs rest on the spacebar. By positioning your hands correctly on the home row keys, you can memorize where all other keys on the keyboard are located....

Alternatively known as touch typing and touch keyboarding, touch type is where a user places their hands on a keyboard and types without looking at their fingers. Users who type this way type faster than any “hunt and peck” user, and is the recommended method for typing on a computer. What are the advantages of touch typing? Below are the reasons you should learn to touch type on your computer keyboard....

WireGuard is open-source VPN software for Linux, Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS. It creates an encrypted layer 3 network tunnel for IPv4 and IPv6 network traffic. In a secure WireGuard connection, each of two devices has a unique pair of cryptographic keys; one public (shared openly with peers) and one private (not shared with anyone else). When establishing a tunnel, the handshake between the two devices is based on a combination of the private and public keys, and individual ephemeral keys....

When a Facebook account is hacked or taken over, the attacker often uses it to advertise, spread spam, and spread viruses. If your Facebook account is creating posts you didn’t, or you are getting complaints about spam, your account is likely compromised. Below are several recommendations on what to do if your account is hacked and compromised. Change Facebook password Log in to your Facebook account from the facebook.com website and change your account password....

Spammers will sometimes send spam messages that look like nonsense or otherwise random spam message such as the example shown below. The primary reason spammers use this tactic to distribute their spam is to help bypass and otherwise cause problems with the spam filters designed to help protect you from receiving the spam. By sending nonsense e-mails, the spammer can bypass protection designed to block any mass e-mails with the same body message or filters that rate spam from the complete body message....

Difficulty Difficult Steps 11 Time Required 4 hours Sections 1 Faders 11 steps Flags 3 Action Shots Be an action hero! This guide needs images that better demonstrate how to perform specific actions. Needs Better Images Better photos will improve this guide. Help out by taking, editing, or uploading new ones! Member-Contributed Guide An awesome member of our community made this guide. It is not managed by iFixit staff. BackYamaha DM1000...

Alternatively called earwigging, eavesdropping describes listening to or monitoring a conversation without the participants’ permission or knowledge. Examples include listening in on a private meeting or intercepting sensitive e-mail or chat conversation messages. Carnivore, Man-in-the-middle attack, Security terms, Spyware Related information How to protect yourself while on the Internet. Computer security help and support.

Alternatively called edit, edit mode is a feature within software that allows the modification of files. A good example of a program with edit mode is MS-DOS Editor. Most programs with edit mode toggle between “view” and “edit.” When in the “view mode,” the user can only look at the file; however, in “edit mode,” the user can view and change its contents. Often, these modes are utilized for files shared between multiple users on a network....

Geocaching is a popular activity among GPS owners where they receive GPS coordinates showing the location of a container of items. Contents of the container can include many things like a log book for record keeping and other trinkets to share and trade. Geocaching is thought of as treasure hunting on a global scale. Geocaching software, Geotagged, GPS Related geocaching pages Geocaching hunting start page.

Shorthand for in my opinion, IMO is commonly used in chat rooms and in online games. Below is an example of how this could be used in chat. IMO I don’t think he knows what he’s talking about. Even though he might claim to be a computer expert. AFAIK, Chat terms, IMAO, IMHO, YMMV Related information Top 10 terms every parent of teenagers should know. What are the most important computer terms I should know?...

A feature on the Apple macOS X that gives an overview of what is currently running on the computer. At the top of Mission Control you’ll see the Dashboard, desktop, fullscreen windows and any open application windows. The Mission Control is one of the easiest ways to switch between open applications. How do I open Mission Control? The Mission Control can be opened using any of the below suggestions. Using the trackpad or Magic Mouse, swipe three fingers up towards the screen....

Short for National Science Foundation Network. NSFNET is a wide area network started by the NSF (National Science Foundation) that handled a bulk of early Internet traffic. It went online in 1986 and during the late 1980s and early 1990s was a crucial backbone to ARPANET and the Internet. During 1990 and 1991, NSFNET was restructured and created a not-for-profit entity and a for-profit subsidiary for commercial development of the network....

Numeric may refer to any of the following: Numeric is anything of, relating to, or containing numbers. The numbering system consists of ten different digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. If a value is an alphanumeric, it contains letters and numbers. A numeric keypad is a part of a keyboard, or an external device, that allows users to enter numbers quickly into a computer. The numeric keypad has a layout similar to a basic calculator....

PIN may refer to any of the following: Short for personal identification number, a PIN is a set of personal numbers used to prove identification. It is often used with automated bank teller machines, telephone calling cards, and Wireless networks. Below is an example of Microsoft Windows asking for a PIN when connecting to a Wi-Fi network. With Microsoft Windows, Pin is a term first introduced in Windows 7 that describes placing a shortcut on the Taskbar or Start menu....

Pronounced random access memory digital-to-analog converter, RAMDAC is the portion of a video card that converts signals from digital to analog so an analog CRT monitor may display them. RAMDAC information can be viewed in the DxDiag screen as seen in the following image. Video terms Related information How much memory does my video card have?